Heat stress in wheat during reproductive and grainfilling phases muhammad farooq,1,2 helen bramley,1 jairo a. Relationships and repeatability of drought tolerance indices in wheat rye disomic addition lines ezatollah farshadfar1, 2reza mohammadi1, 1mohsen farshadfar,shokouh dabiri 1department of agronomy and plant breeding, college of agriculture, razi university, kermanshah, iran 2payamenoor university, tehran, iran. Managing crops for excess water stress curtis cavers and john heard canadamanitoba crop diversification centre cmcdc potato agronomist curtis. Large subnational variability of interannual wheat yield is mostly captured by the heat and water stress indicators, consistently with the countrylevel result. It is the most important staple food of about two billion people 36% of the world population. Regular article evaluation of drought tolerance indices for wheat triticum aestivum l. Economic importance and taxonomy of the wheat wheat triticum aestivum l. The influence of combined and individually applied drought and heat stress was studied in two wheat triticum aestivum l. Effective use of irrigation is not simply a water saving irrigation but it is a comprehensive exercise using every possible.
This work examined the effects of drought and heat stress conditions on grain yield and quality parameters of nine durum wheat varieties, grown during two years 200809 and 200910. Root system size rss of wheat can be a selection target for drought tolerance. Effects of drought stress on growth and yield of barley 147 stress increased. Climate change scenarios estimate a crop yield reduction in sudan by over 20% due to heat stress jones and thornton, 2003. The effects of drought stress on yield, relative water. Grain sorghum water requirement and responses to drought stress. Elevated co2 modulates the effects of drought and heat. Drought is the most important environmental stress that limits crop yield in a global warming world. Drought stress in wheat during flowering and grainfilling periods.
Department of biology carleton university ottawa, on, canada 2012. Drought tolerance screening of wheat varieties by inducing water stress conditions. Combining ability of biological yield and harvest index in. Physiological responses include closure of stomata, decrease in the activity of photosynthesis, development of oxidative stress, alteration in the integrity of cell wall, production of metabolites which are toxic and cause plants death, signal recognition of roots, turgor loss and adjustment of osmosis, reduction in water. Improving the capacity to monitor this response in a nondestructive manner is of considerable interest, as it would offer a direct means of initiating timely corrective action. In table 3, withholding water resulted in severe damage to membranes of gmiza comparing with control while sids did not encounter any damage in msi along the experiment on the other hand, after three days of withholding water, sids and gmiza cultivars had h 2 o 2 content significantly higher than control, the magnitude of increase was most pronounced in gmi. Effects of drought stress on growth and yield of barley. The vegetables, grains and herbs on the following list were selected from seed catalogs and seed catalog websites that specifically mention the terms droughtresistant or droughttolerant in the variety description. Heat stress in wheat during reproductive and grainfilling phases. The results provide new insights into the relationship between drought stress and the properties and structure of the wheat leaf cuticle. Effect of salts stress on the growth and yield of wheat. Keeping in view the importance of identifying water stress tolerant wheat genotypes, water stress conditions can be imposed to wheat at various stages of crop growth and development.
Improving abiotic stress tolerance in wheat requires large scale screening of yield components such as seed weight, seed number and single seed weight, all of which is very laborious, and a detailed analysis of seed morphology. Materials and methods line development and phenotypic measurements. The results indicated that the effect of drought on grain yield and yield. Economic yield reduction by drought stress in some representative. We conducted a glasshouse pot experiment to study genotypic differences in response to drought stress in a collection of 180 accessions of aegilops and triticum along with one tolerant and one sensitive control variety.
Drought tolerance studies in wheat 5 column of water that exists from the root hairs to the leaf mesophyll. Effective selection criteria for assessing drought stress tolerance in durum wheat triticum durum desf. Institute of postgraduate studies in agriculture, gazipur1703, bangladesh received july 16, 1998. Rui guo, wei ping hao, dao zhi gong, xiu li zhong and feng xue gu february 27th 20. Managing heat stress in wheat mallee sustainable farming. Exposure of wheat genotypes to temperatures above the critical threshold level during flowering and grainfilling stages can cause reproductive failure and grain yield reduction. This study evaluates drought stress effect on winter wheat. Water stress during meiosis reduces seed set which eventually results in grain yield loss. Growth and stomatal responses of bread wheat genotypes. In south africa most of the wheat production areas are vulnerable to drought stress during crop development. Prasad, 2004 throckmorton hall, plant science center, department of agronomy, kansas state university, manhattan, ks 66506 corresponding author.
Pdf effect of drought stress on different physiological. Mar 25, 2017 wild progenitors of common wheat are a potential source of tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Heat stress at sensitive growth stages such as flowering and grain filling has been shown to adversely affect grain yield and is common across much of the. Effect of drought stress on the physiology and yield of. Responses of wheat growth to water deficits vary depending on wheat species and growth stages. Genetic analysis of meioticstage water stress tolerance. Heat stress in wheat during reproductive and grainfilling. Effects of drought stress on wheat triticum aestivum l. This study was performed to evaluating the effect of amino acids on leaf chlorophyll content in bread wheat genotypes under drought stress conditions at germination stage, using 11 wheat. Initial heat shock protein profile has been outlined via sds electrophoresis of leaf. Australian grain technologies agt, roseworthy campus, sa. Pdf drought stress in wheat during flowering and grain. Effect of salt stress on the biochemical characteristics. Comparing the effects of osmotic stress in seedling stage with dought stress in the grain filling period and the charactherisation of drought resistance and sensitivity of wheat genotypes by physiological parameters are important objects of wheat breeding.
Genomewide expression and functional interactions of genes. The combined effect of drought stress and heat shock on gene expression in tobacco1 ludmila rizhsky, hongjian liang, and ron mittler department of biology, technionisrael institute of technology, technion city, haifa 32000, israel l. Materials and methods in order to assess the effect of salts stress on the growth and yield of. Drought stress reduced the net leaf photosynthetic rate, leaf transpiration rate and leaf water potential 19.
Institute of biotech nology and genetic engineering, kpk agriculture university, peshawer, pakistan. Heat stress is a key abiotic stress affecting crop and cereal production in all regions of the australian wheat belt. Effects of timing of drought stress on grain yield of feed. Rootbox and rootbasket methods were applied to maintain an intact root system for analysis. Institute of biotech nology and genetic engineering, kpk. Under the natural habitat, plants have been exposed to more than one stress at a time.
Drought stress in maize causes differential acclimation. Pdf wheat is a staple grain food throughout the globe, in oman it is grown on small scale due to prolonged aridity. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria pgpr hold promising future for sustainable agriculture. Roles of dehydrin genes in wheat tolerance to drought stress. Paul telfer, james edwards, dion bennett and haydn kuchel. In many cases, there may be adequate soil moisture butthe negative water balance created by heat stress lead to withering of plants in a matter of few days. The abiotic stress response and adaptation of triticale a.
Water stress is one of the most significant abiotic constraints in crop production. Effects of fall nitrogen rates on rainfed bread wheat yield. Songklanakarin journal of science and technology, 33, 5a142. Heat stress is increasing drastically and has become a major threat to wheat production in various wheat growing regions. Crop growth stage yield reduction references barley seed. Water stress effects on growth, yield and quality of wheat.
Relationship among morphophysiological traits in bread. Understanding the effects of water stress on wheat growth, yield and quality is essential for good irrigation management. Evaluation of soybean genotypes using drought stress tolerant. The consequence caused by salt stress on the biochemical constituent moisture, ash, crude fiber, crude fat, carbohydrates and protein of five different varieties of wheat seeds grown under high artificial nacl stress. Effects of water stress on germination and growth of wheat. Simultaneously, the ability of the hermes crop growth model to reproduce the process correctly was tested. Abiotic stress can alter key physiological constituents and functions in green plants. Dec 17, 2015 scientists at aarhus university have discovered that fungi associated with plant roots may improve growth and yield of drought stressed wheat. The identification of key drought stress genes and related mutations confirmation of the sumo mechanism as a strategy for improving drought and heat stress tolerance in wheat data on the agronomic adaptability of developed m 2 lines for drought and heat stress tolerance, including pest resistance. However it is reported that proline content in resistant wheat cultivars. Wild barley genotypes that came from areas with low water availability had greater osmotic adjustment capacity and greater response to drought stress 11. Markers associated with a qtl for grain yield in wheat. Crop rotations of 2 to 4 years with corn or soybeans are recommended for problem fields. The impact of drought on wheat leaf cuticle properties bmc.
This study aimed to determine the level of drought. The main plots were levels of drought stress full irrigation, stress at early stem elongation, flowering and grain filling stages and subplots were five cultivars chamran, dez and verinak. Jan 29, 2011 the influence of combined and individually applied drought and heat stress was studied in two wheat triticum aestivum l. The issue of how harmful changes in climate will be is still unsettled as the results presented by.
Wax composition analyses showed various amounts of c31. Siddique1 1the uwa institute of agriculture, the university of western australia, 35 stirling highway, crawley wa 6009, australia 5 2department of agronomy, university of agriculture, faisalabad38040, pakistan. Drought is the most common environmental stress affecting about 32% of 99 million hectares under wheat cultivation in developing countries and at least 60 million hectares under wheat cultivation in developed countries shamsi et al. The field experiment was conducted at domaninek station in 2014 and 2015, where mobile rainout shelters were installed on plots of winter wheat may 2015. However, plant physiologists are generally more interested in plants that are able to. Drought effects on the water relations of four wheat triticum aestivum l. Agronomy new zealand 44, 2014 1 timing of drought stress on grain yield effects of timing of drought stress on grain yield of feed wheat e.
Mechanism of drought tolerance avoiding drought is an extremely important adaptation for survival in a water limiting environment. Abstractto investigate effect of salt stress on chlorophyll fluorescence four cultivars fong,star,chamran and kharchia of wheat triticum aestivum plants subjected to salinity levels control,8,12 and 16 dsm1 from one week after emergence to the end of stem elongation under greenhouse condition. Functional analysis of flrs and flr in wheat during drought stress by sarah alsaiari a thesis submitted to the faculty of graduate studies and research of carleton university, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of a master of science in biology. Usually cotton crop uses less water per hectare than other crops with exception of horticulture11. Despite the compelling evidence of an important role of oxidized and reduced sulfurcontaining compounds during the response of plants to drought stress e. Effect of terminal drought stress on the germination and growth potential wheat cultivars seeds babak ahadzadeh 1, mohammad zaeifizadeh 1, hossein shahbazi 1, maarefat ghasemi 2 1department of agronomy and breeding, ardabil branch, islamic azad university, ardabil, iran 2ardabil agriculture and natural resources research centre, ardabil, iran.
Drought stress is one of the leading constraints to wheat triticum aestivum l. Effect of terminal drought stress on the germination and. This project was conducted in a splitplot arrangement based on randomized complete block with four replications and ten nitrogen rates 0, 15, 20, 30, 40, 45, 60, 80, 90 and 120 kg n. Dr roger c stone australia meeting of the anadia task force assessment of natural disaster impacts on agriculture castagento carducci, italy, 2126 may 2006. Grain inspection handbook book ii grain grading procedures foreword the effectiveness of the official u. Relative water content decreased and electrolyte leakage increased due to individual and combined application of both stresses. Wheat grown under rainfed farming systems often experiences water stress during the reproductive stage a highly watersensitive phase. Potential causes of yellowing during the tillering stage. Dissect expression of heat stress tolerance of maize to identify genes, component traits, and mechanisms of stress tolerance. The results showed that with an increase in the intensity of drought stress on wheat cultivars, there was a decrease in relative water content, total chlorophyll content and increased proline content, but was not observed on trend relating to soluble carbohydrates content. A positive relationship between stomatal conductance and relative growth rate has been found in saltstressed durum. The effects of drought on crop yields and yield variability. Evaluation of soybean genotypes using drought stress tolerant indices seyyed mohammad ali kargar1, ali mostafaie2, eslam majidi hervan3, seyyed said pourdad4 1faculty of agricultural sciences, islamic azad university of science and research, tehran, iran 2medical biology research center, kermanshah university of medical sciences, kermanshah, iran.
The objective of this work was to identify qtl associated with yield and other agronomic traits under reduced soil moisture. However, as indicated earlier, even one year away from wheat or barley can significantly reduce the potential for takeall to damage subsequent wheat crops. Efficiency of drought tolerance indices under different. Heat stress can have significant effects on grain yield and productivity, with potential losses equal to and potentially greater than other abiotic stress such as drought and frost. The stresses can be given at tillering, booting, and grain forming stages. Effective selection criteria for assessing drought stress. Wheat yield loss attributable to heat waves, drought and. Heat andor drought stress during cultivation are likely to affect the processing quality of durum wheat triticum turgidum l. Physiological derivations of drought tolerance in wheat. The chamran cultivar c1 on drought stress treatment i1 had the. Relationships and repeatability of drought tolerance. Physiological responses include closure of stomata, decrease in the activity of photosynthesis, development of oxidative stress, alteration in the integrity of cell wall, production of metabolites which are toxic and cause plants death, signal recognition of roots, turgor loss and adjustment of osmosis. Here we report on the stress responsive strategy of two durum wheat cultivars, characterized by different water use efficiency, subjected to drought, heat and a combination of both stresses.
Given the vital role that plant pigments play in the photosynthetic process and general plant physiological condition, their. Durum wheat often faces water scarcity and high temperatures, two events that usually occur simultaneously in the fields. In sudan, which imports 80 percent of its annual wheat needs, there are plans to boost wheat production by increasing the cultivated area. Takeall is more severe where wheat follows wheat or barley. Phenotypic differences among six genotypes with variable. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria dietzia natronolimnaea. Droughtresistant crops and varieties some crops and varieties require less water than others once they are established. Effect of drought stress on the physiology and yield of the. Healthy wheat left and nitrogen deficiency symptom in wheat right photo courtesy of cimmyt. For the first time, accumulation of proline in plant tissues that have missed water was reported in 1954 pessarkli, 1999. Aug 25, 2016 drought stress is one of the leading constraints to wheat triticum aestivum l. Drought stress effects on water relations of wheat.
Breeding for drought tolerance using novel genetic resources is an important mitigation strategy. Box 16246, tel aviv, israel received 29 january 2014. The study analyzed wheat morphological traits to assess the role of roots structure in the tolerance of drought and to recognize the mechanisms of root structure adjustment to dry soil environment. Total numbers of genes are shown in bold, below which are the numbers of annotated genes. Drought and heat stress tolerance screening in wheat using. Effect of water stress on the growth and yield of cotton. Different stress responsive strategies to drought and heat in. Therefore, most of the countries of the world are facing the problem of drought. Upper panelcontrol treatment, lower paneldrought stress treatment. Evaluation of drought tolerance indices for wheat triticum. Growth and yield response of wheat varieties to water stress at booting and anthesis stages of development.
There is a great interest in the study of relation between stomatal conductance growth rate 1, 12. To investigate the interactive effects of drought, heat and elevated atmospheric co 2 concentration co 2 on plant water relations and grain yield in wheat, two wheat cultivars with different drought tolerance gladius and paragon were grown under ambient and elevated co 2, and were exposed to post. Effects of water stress on germination and growth of wheat, photosynthetic efficiency and accumulation of metabolites, soil processes and current trends in quality assessment, maria c. Grain sorghum water requirement and responses to drought. Parents and f 1 progenies were sown in a randomized complete block design with three replications under drought stress and non stress conditions in experimental fi eld of shahrekord agricultural research center during. Effect of drought stress on the physiology and yield of the pakistani wheat germplasms. In wheat, there are several genes which are responsible for drought stress tolerance and produce different types of enzymes and proteins for instance, late embryogenesis abundant lea, responsive.
Several physiological traits and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were. Bona after a decade of genetic manipulation and improvement, triticale stand out as a crop of high biomass and grain yield potential which generally surpass that of. Chlorophyll fluorescence as criterion for the diagnosis. Efficiency of drought tolerance indices under different stress severities for bread wheat selection sahar bennani1,2, nasserlehaq nsarellah1, mohammed jlibene3, wuletaw tadesse4, ahmed birouk2 hassan ouabbou1 1plant breeding and genetic resources conservation department, national institute of agricultural research, inra, b. That causes substantial reduction in grain yield, depending on the developmental stage at which water stress occurred. Potential causes of yellowing during the tillering stage of wheat in texas figure 1. Response of different growth stages of wheat to moisture. Ashraf et al, 1994 also reported that drought stress will reduce concentration of chlorophyll b more than chlorophyll a. According to ur results we can make the following conclusions. Functional analysis of flrs and flr in wheat during. Elsadek 2 1 agronomy department, college of agriculture, assiut university, assiut 71526, egypt. Here, we demonstrate a carotenoid producing halotolerant pgpr dietzia natronolimnaea str1 protecting.
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